Table 2 Adjusted and un-adjusted odds ratios (OR) for feeling so sad or hopeless and feeling worried

Age (years)

 ≤15

1

1

1

1

 >15

1.35*

1.11–1.65

1.18*

1.00–1.40

1.75*

1.39–2.21

1.56*

1.25–1.94

Gender

 Male

1

1

1

1

 Female

2.08*

1.81–2.39

1.94*

1.69–2.23

2.02*

1.65–2.47

1.88*

1.56–2.28

Nationality

 Saudi

1

1

1

1

 Non-Saudi

1.07

0.90–1.29

1.11

0.93– 1.32

1.26*

1.00–1.60

1.30*

1.04–1.63

Region

 Central

1

1

1

1

 Western

0.79

0.60–1.0

0.77

0.64–0.93

0.82

0.57–1.16

0.82

0.62–1.08

 Eastern

0.80

0.57–1.11

0.75

0.59–0.93

0.90

0.61–1.31

0.88

0.65–1.20

 Northern

0.79

0.52–1.21

0.87

0.63–1.21

0.58

0.56–1.29

0.94

0.66–1.35

 Southern

0.82

0.60–1.11

0.82

0.68–1.00

0.89

0.59–1.33

0.93

0.66–1.30

Chronic illness

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

2.14*

1.75–2.61

2.31*

1.86–2.87 

2.74*

2.16–3.47

2.79*

2.15–3.62

Relationship with father

 Good

1

1

1

1

 Neither good nor poor

2.13*

1.77–2.56

1.77*

1.44–2.16

2.07*

1.62–2.64

1.74*

1.34–2.26

 Poor

4.58*

3.65–5.72

3.44*

2.65–4.47

5.99*

4.51–7.95

4.30*

3.22–5.74

Relationship with mother

 Good

1

1

1

1

 Neither good nor poor

2.30*

1.86–2.85

1.47*

1.13–1.92

2.36*

1.76–3.15

1.47*

1.05–2.04

 Poor

4.91*

3.57–6.77

2.72*

1.85–4.02

6.01*

3.95–9.17

2.64*

1.60–4.36

Body image

 Happy with my body

1

1

1

1

 Need to lose weight

1.48*

1.32–1.66

1.38*

1.22–1.56

1.45*

1.20–1.76

1.29

1.06–1.57

 Need to gain weight

1.33*

1.13–1.58

1.23*

1.02–1.49

1.34*

1.07–1.69

1.13

0.89–1.44

Exercise during last week

 None

1

1

1

1

 ≤3 times

0.63*

0.57–0.71

0.78

0.70–0.88

0.69*

0.58–0.83

0.88

0.72–1.08

 >3 times

0.68*

0.57–0.80

0.93

0.77–1.12

0.70*

0.56–0.88

0.94

0.72–1.22