From: Prevalence and diagnostic stability of ADHD and ODD in Turkish children: a 4-year longitudinal study
1stwave | 2ndwave | 3rdwave | 4thwave | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADHD (+) | ADHD (−) | ADHD (+) | ADHD (−) | ADHD (+) | ADHD (−) | ADHD (+) | ADHD (−) | |
N = 89 | N = 82 | N = 75 | N = 91 | N = 72 | N = 96 | N = 61 | N = 101 | |
n-% | n-% | n-% | n-% | n-% | n-% | n-% | n-% | |
ODD | 55–61.8% * | 6–7.3% * | 34–45.9% **** | 5–5.4% **** | 29–40.3% * | 7–7.3% * | 24–39.3% | 8–7,9% * |
CD | 16–18.0% * | 1–1.2% * | 13–17.6% **** | 3–3.3% **** | 9–12.5% * | -- * | 15–24,6% | 1–1% * |
Anxiety Disorders | 29–32.6% | 18–22% | 9–12.2% | 6–6.5% | 4–5.6% | 6–6.3% | 3–4.9% | 9–8.9% |
Mood Disorders | 11–12.4% | 5–6.1% | 2–2.7% | 1–1.1% | 7-9.7% *** | 2.2.1% *** | 7–11.5% | 1–1% * |
Tic Disorders | 6–6.7% | 4–4.9% | 2–2.7% | -- | 1–1.4% | -- | 5–8.2% | -- |
Enuresis | 17–19.1% | 11–13.4% | 6–8.1% | 5–5.4% | 3-4.2% | 3–3.1% | 2–3.3% | 1-1% |
Encopresis | 8–9.0% ** | 1–1.2% ** | 1–1.4% | 1–1.1% | -- | 1–1% | -- | -- |